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U+6C23, 氣
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6C23

[U+6C22]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+6C24]

Translingual[edit]

Traditional
Shinjitai
Simplified

Han character[edit]

(Kangxi radical 84, +6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 人弓火木 (ONFD), four-corner 80917, composition )

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 599, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17059
  • Dae Jaweon: page 990, character 26
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2011, character 14
  • Unihan data for U+6C23

Chinese[edit]

trad.
simp. *
alternative forms
Wikipedia has articles on:
  • (Written Standard Chinese?)
  • (Cantonese)
  • (Classical)
  • Qi (English)

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *kʰɯds, *qʰɯds): phonetic (OC *kʰɯds) + semantic (rice) – to give rice as a gift.

Later borrowed meanings of “air, flow” from (OC *kʰɯds). The derivative (OC *qʰɯds) refers to the original word. Compare (OC *kʰɯds, *kʰɯd).

Pronunciation 1[edit]


Note: khùi - vernacular, khì - literary.
Note:
  • ki3 - literary;
  • kui3 - vernacular.
  • Wu
  • Xiang

    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location
    Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/
    Harbin /t͡ɕʰi⁵³/
    Tianjin /t͡ɕʰi⁵³/
    Jinan /t͡ɕʰi²¹/
    Qingdao /t͡ɕʰi⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /t͡ɕʰi³¹²/
    Xi'an /t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴/
    Xining /t͡ɕʰji²¹³/
    Yinchuan /t͡ɕʰi¹³/
    Lanzhou /t͡ɕʰi¹³/
    Ürümqi /t͡ɕʰi²¹³/
    Wuhan /t͡ɕʰi³⁵/
    Chengdu /t͡ɕʰi¹³/
    Guiyang /t͡ɕʰi²¹³/
    Kunming /t͡ɕʰi²¹²/
    Nanjing /t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴/
    Hefei /t͡sʰz̩⁵³/
    Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕʰi⁴⁵/
    Pingyao /t͡ɕʰi³⁵/
    Hohhot /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/
    Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕʰi³⁵/
    Suzhou /t͡ɕʰi⁵¹³/
    Hangzhou /t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴⁵/
    Wenzhou /t͡sʰz̩⁴²/
    Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰi³²⁴/
    Tunxi /t͡ɕʰi⁴²/
    Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/
    Xiangtan /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/
    Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕʰi²¹³/
    Hakka Meixian /hi⁵³/
    Taoyuan /hi⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /hei³³/
    Nanning /hi³³/
    Hong Kong /hei³³/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /kʰi²¹/
    /kʰui²¹/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kʰɛi²¹²/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /kʰi³³/
    Shantou (Teochew) /kʰi²¹³/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /xi³⁵/
    /xui³⁵/

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/2
    Initial () (29)
    Final () (20)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () III
    Fanqie
    Baxter khj+jH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /kʰɨiH/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /kʰɨiH/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /kʰiəiH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /kʰɨjH/
    Li
    Rong
    /kʰiəiH/
    Wang
    Li
    /kʰĭəiH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /kʰe̯iH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    hei3
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ khjɨjH ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*C.qʰəp-s/
    English cloudy vapors

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/2
    No. 10140
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    1
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*kʰɯds/

    Definitions[edit]

    1. gas (matter in an intermediate state between liquid and plasma)
      天然天然  ―  tiānrán  ―  natural gas
      輪胎轮胎  ―  Lúntāi lòu le.  ―  The tire is leaking gas.
    2. (meteorology) air
      出去出去  ―  Chūqù tòu tòu!  ―  Go out to breathe fresh air!
    3. breath (Classifier: m;  m;  c)
      喘不過喘不过  ―  chuǎnbùguò lái  ―  to be out of breath
      戰鬥最后 [MSC, trad.]
      战斗最后 [MSC, simp.]
      Wǒ huì zhàndòu dào zuìhòu yī kǒu . [Pinyin]
      I will fight to my last breath.
    4. (Chinese philosophy, traditional Chinese medicine) qi; vital energy; life force
        ―  yuán  ―  vital energy
        ―    ―  to be deficient in vital energy
    5. weather
        ―  tiān  ―  weather
        ―  hòu  ―  climate
    6. smell; odour
        ―  wèi  ―  smell
      滿身满身  ―  mǎnshēn jiǔ   ―  to have the odor of alcohol all over one's body
    7. anger (Classifier: c;  c;  c)
        ―  shēng  ―  to get angry
        ―  xiāo xiāo  ―  to calm down
    8. to be angry
        ―  Wǒ hěn .  ―  I'm very angry.
        ―  kū le  ―  to cry because one was so mad
    9. to make angry; to annoy; to anger; to enrage
        ―  Bié wǒ!  ―  Don't annoy me!
    10. quality; character; spirit; mettle
      男人男人  ―  yǒu nánrén   ―  to be manly
      書生书生  ―  shūshēng   ―  bookishness
    11. vitality; vigor; morale; spirit
        ―  gài  ―  mettle; lofty quality
      一鼓作一鼓作  ―  yīgǔzuò  ―  to accomplish in one vigorous effort
    12. bad habit; bad practice
    13. a surname: Qi
    Synonyms[edit]
    • (smell):
    • (to be angry):
    • (vitality):

    Descendants[edit]

    Sino-Xenic ():
    • Japanese: () (ki)
    • Korean: 기(氣) (gi)
    • Vietnamese: khí ()
  • English: chi, qi, ki
  • Finnish: ki
  • Pronunciation 2[edit]



    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial () (32)
    Final () (20)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () III
    Fanqie
    Baxter xj+jH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /hɨiH/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /hɨiH/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /xiəiH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /hɨjH/
    Li
    Rong
    /xiəiH/
    Wang
    Li
    /xĭəiH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /xe̯iH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    hei3
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ xjɨjH ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*qʰət-s/
    English to present food

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 10143
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    1
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*qʰɯds/
    Notes

    Definitions[edit]

    1. Original form of (, “to give food as a gift”).

    Compounds[edit]

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Shinjitai

    Kyūjitai

    Kanji[edit]

    (“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for nameskyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form )

    Readings[edit]

    Usage notes[edit]

    Not used in modern Japanese. Replaced by the shinjitai form .

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    From Middle Chinese (MC khj+jH).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 킝〮 (Yale: khúy)
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] 긔〮운〮 (Yale: kúywún) ᄭᅴ〮 (Yale: skúy)

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    (eumhun 기운 (giun gi))

    1. Hanja form? of (energy, aura, vitality, vigour). [noun]

    Compounds[edit]

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [3]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    : Hán Nôm readings: khí

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.